PM pays homage to the martyrs of Jallianwala Bagh

On the anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, the Prime Minister paid homage to the martyrs and honored Sir Chettur Sankaran Nair for his opposition to the tragic events. This massacre, which occurred on April 13, 1919, was a pivotal moment in India's struggle for independence. Understanding this event is crucial for UPSC aspirants, particularly for GS Paper 1. Last Updated: 2025-04-16

Key Facts About Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

• The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919.
• Over 1,000 innocent Indians were killed by British troops.
• The gathering was a peaceful protest against the Rowlatt Act.
• Mahatma Gandhi initiated a non-violent satyagraha against the Act.
• General Dyer blocked the only exit and ordered firing.
• The massacre led to a loss of faith in British rule.
• Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement post-massacre.
• The Hunter Commission investigated the incident.
• General Dyer was condemned but faced no punishment.
• Udham Singh assassinated Michael O'Dwyer in retaliation.
• The Rowlatt Act allowed detention without trial.
• Sir Chettur Sankaran Nair was a prominent nationalist and lawyer.
• Nair opposed the massacre and resigned from the Viceroy’s Executive Council.
• His book Gandhi and Anarchy criticized O'Dwyer.
• Nair's trial became a symbol of British injustice.
• The Prime Minister honored martyrs and Nair recently.

India's Struggle for Independence

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre is a significant event in India's struggle for independence, highlighting the oppressive nature of British colonial rule. It fueled widespread nationalistic fervor and was a catalyst for the Non-Cooperation Movement. This event is emblematic of the broader fight for self-rule and the eventual achievement of independence in 1947. The massacre also drew international condemnation, showcasing the global impact of colonial policies.

Related Government Schemes/Policies

• Rowlatt Act: Allowed detention without trial, sparking protests.
• Non-Cooperation Movement: Launched by Gandhi to oppose British rule.

UPSC Relevance

• GS Paper 1: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present - significant events, personalities, issues.
• Prelims: Questions on the date of the massacre, key figures like General Dyer, and the Rowlatt Act.
• Mains: Analytical themes on colonial impact, resistance movements, and the role of key figures like Sir Chettur Sankaran Nair.
• Essay Paper: Themes on freedom struggle and colonial policies.

FAQ Section

• What is the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

  The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a brutal incident on April 13, 1919, where British troops killed over 1,000 peaceful Indian protesters in Amritsar.

• Why is the Jallianwala Bagh massacre important?

  This massacre marked a turning point in India's independence movement, leading to widespread nationalistic fervor and the Non-Cooperation Movement.

• What are the key features of the Rowlatt Act?

  The Rowlatt Act allowed the British government to detain individuals without trial, which led to widespread protests and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.