Consider the following subjects with regard to Non-Cooperation Programme:Boycott of law-courts and f

Question

Consider the following subjects with regard to Non-Cooperation Programme:Boycott of law-courts and foreign clothObservance of strict non-violenceRetention of titles and honours without using them in publicEstablishment of Panchayats for settling disputesHow many of the above were parts of Non- Cooperation Programme?

Accepted Answer

The Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) was the first nationwide movement launched by Gandhiji in 1920 during British rule. It emerged as a powerful and fervent response to a culmination of grievances and disillusionment that had been building up among the Indian populace. Rowlatt Act and the brutal Jaliawala Bagh Massacre were the immediate causes for launching the movement. Congress, at its special session of Calcutta in September 1920, approved the Non-Cooperation movement, which was later endorsed by the Nagpur session of Congress in December 1920. The movement saw tremendous participation of masses throughout the country. The Nagpur session made changes in the constitution of the Congress. - Provincial Congress Committees were reorganised on the basis of linguistic areas. - The Congress was now to be led by a Working Committee of 15 members, including the president and the secretaries. This would enable the Congress to function as a continuous political organisation and would provide it with the machinery for implementing its resolutions. - Congress membership was thrown open to all men and women of the age of 21 or more o'n payment of 4 annas as annual subscription. In 1921 the age limit for membership was reduced to 18. The programmes of the Non-Cooperation Movement were unfolded in stages: - Surrender of titles and honorary positions. Hence option 3 is not correct. - Resignation of membership from the local bodies. - Boycott of foreign goods; Courts, Government functions and legal practise; government schools and colleges and elections held in accordance with the provisions of the 1919 Act; Hence option 1 is correct. - Thousands of volunteers went from house to house, trying to persuade people of the importance of adopting Swadeshi. The foreign-made clothing was gathered and set ablaze. - Boycott of legislative councils (There were differences over boycott of councils). The boycott movement against liquor and toddy shops - National schools, colleges, and private panchayat courts were established. Kashi Vidyapeeth, Bihar Vidyapeeth, and Jamia Millia Islamia were established. Hence option 4 is correct. - Popularising Swadeshi goods and Khadi. - It Marked the first time the Indian National Congress appealed directly to the masses, leading to a significant increase in membership. - Maintenance of Hindu-Muslim unity and practice of strict nonviolence. - Promotion of Charkha and Khadi and Jail Bharo Andolan by Congress volunteers. - Tilak Swaraj Fund was announced by Gandhi, which aimed at collecting Rs 1 crore to aid constructive work.