What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL- 20, HMX and LLM-

Question

What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL- 20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?

Accepted Answer

CL-20, HMX, and LLM-105 are high-energy explosives, primarily used in military and defense applications. Hence option (b) is the correct answer. CL-20 (Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) is one of the most powerful non-nuclear explosives known to science. Developed in the 1980s by the U.S. Navy, CL-20 belongs to a class of cage-structured nitramines. However, it is also extremely sensitive to shock and friction, which limits its widespread deployment and demands highly controlled handling and storage. HMX (High Melting Explosive or Octogen) is a widely used nitroamine explosive known for its high detonation velocity and pressure. Chemically more stable than CL-20, HMX is frequently used in military- grade plastic explosives, rocket propellants, and shaped charges. It is more powerful than RDX but less energetic than CL-20. LLM-105 (2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide) is a newer class of energetic material developed with the goal of enhancing safety without significantly compromising explosive power. Unlike CL-20 and HMX, LLM-105 is classified as an "insensitive high explosive," meaning it has low sensitivity to shock, heat, or friction, making it much safer for transport and handling.