In the nature, which of the following is/are most likely to be found surviving on a surface without

Question

In the nature, which of the following is/are most likely to be found surviving on a surface without soil?FernLichenMossMushroomSelect the correct answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. Ferns require indirect sunlight, moist soil, and a humid atmosphere. Ferns prefer potting soil with good drainage and high organic content. Hence, option 1 is not correct.Lichens are a complex life form that is a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms, a fungus and an alga. They only require an undisturbed surface, time, and clean air. Lichens grow on any undisturbed surface--bark, wood, mosses, rock, soil, peat, glass, metal, plastic, and even cloth. Hence option 2 is correct.Mosses are non-flowering plants which produce spores and have stems and leaves, but don't have true roots. Moss is very low maintenance and needs virtually nothing except shade and moisture to thrive. Hence option 3 is correct.A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. Mushrooms can be cultivated hydroponically as fungi. Hence option 4 is not correct.Source: Class XI Biology NCERT: Chapter 3 - Plant Kingdom