With reference to the scholars/litterateurs of ancient India, consider the following statements:Pani

Question

With reference to the scholars/litterateurs of ancient India, consider the following statements:Panini is associated with Pushyamitra Shunga.Amarasimha is associated with Harshavardhana.Kalidasa is associated with Chandra Gupta-II.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

Paṇini (4th century BCE or 6th to 5th century BCE) was an ancient Sanskrit grammarian and a revered scholar in ancient India. Considered the father of linguistics, Paṇini likely lived in the northwest Indian subcontinent during the Mahajanapada era. Hence statement 1 is not correct. He is said to have been born in Shalatula of ancient Gandhara, a small town at the junction of the Indus and Kabul rivers, Pakistan.Pāṇini is known for his text Ashtadhyayi, a sutra-style treatise on Sanskrit grammar, comprising 3,959 verses or rules on linguistics syntax and semantics across eight chapters, which is the foundational text of the Vyākaraṇa branch of the Vedanga. Ashtadhyayi is admired for its simplicity and its rigorous and consistent use of meta language. Sutras are like mathematical formulae, allowing a lot of information to be conveyed using a few words. Since Panini uses sutras, the Ashtadhyayi is crisp. Panini also lays down rules to resolve conflicts between sutras. Ashtadhyayi is augmented with ancillary texts such as Sivasutras (special order of phonemes), dhatupatha (list of verbal roots), ganapatha (various sets of nouns), and linganusaasana (system for deciding the gender).Pushyamitra Sunga (185 BC TO 151 BC): Pushyamitra Shunga was the founder and first ruler of the Shunga Empire in East India. He was a follower of Hinduism. Pushyamitra was originally a Senapati (General) of the Maurya Empire. In 185 BCE, he assassinated the last Mauryan Emperor, Brihadratha Maurya, during an army review and proclaimed himself emperor.Chandragupta II, also called Vikramaditya, was a powerful emperor (reigned c. 380–c. 415 CE) of northern India. He was the son of Samudra Gupta and grandson of Chandragupta I. During his reign, art, architecture, and sculpture flourished, and the cultural development of ancient India reached its climax. Chandragupta II was known for his deep interest in art and culture, and nine gems or Navratna adorned his court. The group comprised of:KalidasaVetala BhattaVarahamihiraVararuchiAmarasimhaDhanvantarikshapanakShankuGhatakarpuraKalidasa was a famous Sanskrit writer and poet in the court of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya). He was the author of three famous plays:Abhijnanasakuntalam: tells the story of King Dushyanta and ShakuntalaMalavikagnimitram: tells the story of the love of King Agnimitra with MalavikaRaghuvamsa (“Raghu Dynasty”) and KumarasambhavaAmarasimha: Amarasimha was one of the nine Gems in the court of Vikramaditya of the Gupta era. He is notably known for his famous Sanskrit thesaurus Amarakosha, also known as Namalinganushasana.Source Citation: NCERT: Class 6 History Our Past 1