Which of the following are the reasons/factors for exposure to benzene pollution?Automobile exhaustT

Question

Which of the following are the reasons/factors for exposure to benzene pollution?Automobile exhaustTobacco smokeWood burningUsing varnished wooden furnitureUsing products made of polyurethaneSelect the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

Sources of exposure to benzeneHuman exposure to benzene has been associated with a range of acute and long-term adverse health effects and diseases, including cancer and aplastic anaemia. Active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke is also a significant source of exposure. Benzene is highly volatile, and most exposure is through inhalation. Natural sources of benzene include volcanoes and forest fires. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke.Industrial processesAs benzene occurs naturally in crude petroleum at levels up to 4 g/l, human activities using petroleum lead to exposure. These activities include:Processing of petroleum productsCoking of coalProduction of toluene, xylene and other aromatic compoundsUse in industrial and consumer productsAs a chemical intermediateAs a component of petrol (gasoline) and heating oilsThe presence of benzene in petrol and as a widely used industrial solvent can result in significant occupational exposure and widespread emissions to the environment. Automobile exhaust accounts for the largest source of benzene in the general environment.Wood finishes can contain and emit various chemicals. For example, paints and some wood treatments can contain formaldehyde, acetone, toluene or butanol. Wood dyes can contain:nonanedecaneundecanedimethyloctanedimethylnonanetrimethylnonanetrimethylbenzeneDuring fires, polyurethane foams burn rapidly and produce dense smoke, toxic gases and intense heat. Carbon monoxide is most common, but smoke also contains benzene, toluene, nitrogen oxides and hydrogen cyanide.