What is Terminal High Altitude Area Defence (THAAD), sometimes seen in the news?

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The Terminal High Altitude Area Defense, or simply abbreviated as THAAD, is an American missile defence system that is designed to intercept and destroy short and medium-range ballistic missiles in their final flight phase. First proposed in 1987 and then finally deployed in 2008, the THAAD cannot be used as a form of attack against an enemy.