Introduction of 1975 Emergency in NCERT Textbook

The inclusion of the 1975 Emergency in NCERT's Class 9 textbook highlights a pivotal moment in India's political history, emphasizing the delicate balance between security and democracy. This topic is crucial for UPSC aspirants, particularly for General Studies Papers 2 and 3. Last Updated: 27-06-2026

Key Facts About the 1975 Emergency

• National Emergency is declared under Article 352 due to war, external aggression, or armed rebellion.
• The 38th Amendment Act, 1975 allowed multiple proclamations of emergency.
• The term "internal disturbance" was replaced by "armed rebellion" by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
• The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 allowed emergency to be limited to specific parts of India.
• Parliamentary approval is required within one month of emergency declaration, as per the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
• Emergency duration is six months, extendable indefinitely with parliamentary approval every six months.
• The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 allows the Lok Sabha to revoke an emergency.
• The Minerva Mills case, 1980, established judicial review of emergency proclamations.

The Significance of the 1975 Emergency

The 1975 Emergency is a critical event that underscores the importance of safeguarding democratic principles while addressing national security concerns. It reflects on India's journey towards establishing a robust democratic framework and highlights the need for constitutional safeguards to prevent misuse of power. This period also serves as a lesson in maintaining the balance between authority and civil liberties, a theme relevant to India's strategic and social goals.

UPSC Relevance

The topic of the 1975 Emergency is relevant for GS Paper 2 (Polity and Governance) and GS Paper 3 (Internal Security). For the Prelims, questions could focus on the amendments related to emergency provisions and key Supreme Court cases. In the Mains, it connects to themes of constitutional amendments, checks and balances in governance, and the role of judiciary in safeguarding democracy. Additionally, it can be an essay topic on the balance between security and democracy.

FAQ Section

• What is the 1975 Emergency?
  The 1975 Emergency was a period from June 25, 1975, to March 1977, when India was under a state of emergency declared by the President due to internal disturbances.
• Why is the 1975 Emergency important?
  The 1975 Emergency is significant as it tested India's democratic framework and led to crucial constitutional amendments that aimed to prevent the misuse of emergency powers.
• What are the key features of a National Emergency?
  A National Emergency can be declared under Article 352, requires parliamentary approval within one month, and can be extended indefinitely with periodic approvals. It can be revoked by the President or disapproved by the Lok Sabha.