Addressing Manual Scavenging: Key Challenges and Government Initiatives

Addressing Manual Scavenging: Key Challenges and Government Initiatives - The Delhi PWD was fined for violating Supreme Court directives aimed at eradicating manual scavenging. This issue is crucial for UPSC aspirants, particularly for GS Paper 2 and 3, as it involves governance, social justice, and technology. Last Updated: 2025-09-22

Key Facts About Addressing Manual Scavenging

• Delhi PWD fined for violating safety directives for manual scavengers.
• Supreme Court directives mandate comprehensive national surveys of manual scavengers.
• Complete mechanization of sewer cleaning is essential.
• Protective gear is mandatory for workers entering hazardous areas.
• Rehabilitation of affected families is a constitutional right.
• Awareness campaigns and centralized online portals for tracking progress are needed.
• Full enforcement of PEMSR Act, 2013 is crucial.
• Manual scavenging is defined under the PEMSR Act, 2013.
• As of 2024, 58,000 manual scavengers remain in India.
• Caste-based discrimination and poverty drive the persistence of manual scavenging.
• India's initiatives include Safaimitra Suraksha Challenge and Swachhta Abhiyan Apps.
• Technological innovations like the Bandicoot Robot are being deployed.
• Health risks and social stigma are major challenges for manual scavengers.
• Measures to end manual scavenging include promoting mechanization and providing financial support.
• Regular health screenings for sanitation workers are essential.

India's Social Justice and Technological Advancements

Manual scavenging remains a significant social justice issue in India, impacting the nation's economic and social goals. The eradication of this practice is crucial for achieving sustainable development and social equity. India's technological advancements, such as the deployment of the Bandicoot Robot, highlight the country's commitment to innovation and improving public health and safety standards. Internationally, India's efforts are compared to global human rights standards, emphasizing the need for continued progress.

Related Government Schemes/Policies

• PEMSR Act, 2013: Prohibits employment as manual scavengers and ensures rehabilitation.
• Safaimitra Suraksha Challenge: Aims to mechanize sewer cleaning and eliminate manual scavenging.
• Swachhta Abhiyan Apps: Facilitate reporting and tracking of sanitation issues.

UPSC Relevance

• GS Paper 2: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice.
• GS Paper 3: Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security.
• Prelims: Questions on the PEMSR Act, 2013 and related schemes.
• Mains: Essays on social justice, technology in governance, and eradication of manual scavenging.

FAQ Section

• What is manual scavenging? Manual scavenging involves the removal of human excreta from dry toilets and sewers manually. It is prohibited under the PEMSR Act, 2013.
• Why is addressing manual scavenging important? It is crucial for ensuring social justice and improving public health. As of 2024, there are still 58,000 manual scavengers in India, highlighting the need for continued efforts.
• What are the key features of the PEMSRA Act, 2013? The Act prohibits manual scavenging and mandates rehabilitation for affected individuals, emphasizing mechanization and safety measures.