Decline in India’s Cotton Production

India's cotton production has seen a significant decline from 39.8 million bales in 2013-14 to an expected 29.5 million bales by 2024-25, posing a threat to its status as a major cotton producer and exporter. This decline is crucial for UPSC aspirants, especially for GS Paper 3, as it impacts the agricultural economy and trade. Last Updated: 2025-04-01

Key Facts About Decline in India’s Cotton Production

• Decline in cotton production from 39.8 million bales in 2013-14 to 29.5 million bales by 2024-25.
• National lint yields have dropped below 450 kg per hectare.
• Bt cotton initially improved yields but is now facing pest resistance.
• No new genetically modified cotton variants have been approved since 2006.
• Infestation by pink bollworm has increased, damaging crops.
• India's cotton imports surged to USD 1.04 billion in 2024-25.
• Exports fell from USD 729.4 million to USD 660.5 million.
• Regulatory delays hinder indigenous GM innovations.

India's Agricultural Export Challenges

The decline in cotton production is a significant concern for India's agricultural export strategy. Cotton is a vital cash crop, and its reduced output affects India's economic goals of maintaining a trade surplus in agriculture. With countries like the US and Brazil capturing export markets, India's global competitiveness is at stake. The need for technological interventions and policy reforms is more pressing than ever to revitalize the sector and sustain economic growth.

Related Government Schemes/Policies

• High-Density Planting System (HDPS): Promotes increased yield through dense planting.
• Kasturi Cotton: Branding initiative to enhance market access.
• Cott-Ally: Farmer-centric extension service to improve cultivation practices.

UPSC Relevance

• GS Paper 3: Agriculture, Economic Development, and Trade.
• Prelims: Questions on cotton production statistics, pest resistance, and GM crop policies.
• Mains: Analytical themes on agricultural policy reforms, trade impacts, and technological interventions.
• Essay Paper: Topics on sustainable agriculture and export strategies.

FAQ Section

• What is the current status of India's cotton production? India's cotton production has declined from 39.8 million bales in 2013-14 to an expected 29.5 million bales by 2024-25.
• Why is the decline in cotton production important? It affects India's status as a major cotton exporter, impacts the agricultural economy, and necessitates policy reforms.
• What are the key features of the current cotton production scenario? Key features include pest resistance, lack of new GM crop approvals, increased imports, and reduced exports.