Exercise Garuda 25: Indian Air Force Participates in 8th Edition of Bilateral Air Exercise with French Air and Space Force

Exercise Garuda 25 marks the 8th edition of the bilateral air exercise between the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the French Air and Space Force (FASF), taking place from November 16 to 27, 2025 in Mont-de-Marsan, France. This exercise is crucial for UPSC aspirants focusing on GS Paper 2 (International Relations) and GS Paper 3 (Security). Last Updated: 2025-11-17

Key Facts About Exercise Garuda 25

• Exercise Garuda 25 is the 8th bilateral air exercise between IAF and FASF.
• Takes place from November 16 to 27, 2025 in Mont-de-Marsan, France.
• IAF contingent arrived on November 10, 2025.
• IAF is participating with Su-30MKI fighter aircraft.
• Airlift support provided by C-17 Globemaster III.
• IL-78 tankers used for air-to-air refueling.
• Focus on air-to-air combat, air defense, and joint strike operations.
• Aims to refine tactics in a realistic operational environment.
• Enhances interoperability between IAF and FASF.
• Opportunity for professional interaction and exchange of knowledge.
• Underscores IAF's commitment to defense cooperation with France.
• First held in 2003, reflecting deepening ties.
• Part of the India–France Strategic Partnership established in 1998.
• Promotes operational interaction and mutual learning.
• Related exercises include Varuna, Shakti, and Desert Knight.
• Participation enhances military readiness through collaborative training.

India's Strategic Defense Collaborations

Exercise Garuda 25 is emblematic of India's broader strategic defense collaborations, particularly with France, a key partner in India's defense modernization efforts. This exercise aligns with India's goal to enhance its defense capabilities and strategic autonomy. India ranks among the top five military spenders globally, and such exercises bolster its defense preparedness and international military cooperation.

Related Government Schemes/Policies

• Make in India: Aims to boost indigenous defense manufacturing.
• Strategic Partnership Model: Facilitates collaboration with foreign defense manufacturers.
• Defense Procurement Procedure: Streamlines acquisition processes to enhance defense capabilities.

UPSC Relevance

GS Paper 2: International Relations - India-France bilateral relations, defense cooperation.

GS Paper 3: Security - Defense preparedness, strategic partnerships.

Prelims: Questions on the specifics of Exercise Garuda, such as participating aircraft and objectives.

Mains: Analytical themes on India's defense strategy and international military collaborations.

Essay Paper: Topics on the significance of international defense exercises in global diplomacy.

FAQ Section

• What is Exercise Garuda 25?

Exercise Garuda 25 is the 8th edition of a bilateral air exercise between the Indian Air Force and the French Air and Space Force, focusing on air-to-air combat and joint strike operations.

• Why is Exercise Garuda 25 important?

This exercise enhances interoperability between India and France, refines combat tactics, and strengthens defense cooperation, contributing to India's strategic defense objectives.

• What are the key features of Exercise Garuda 25?

Key features include participation with Su-30MKI fighter aircraft, airlift support from C-17 Globemaster III, and IL-78 tankers for refueling, focusing on air defense and joint operations.