Conservation of the Great Indian Bustard and Lesser Florican: Supreme Court Observations and Recommendations

Conservation of the Great Indian Bustard and Lesser Florican: The Supreme Court of India has underscored the principle of intergenerational equity in environmental governance, advocating for an eco-centric approach to biodiversity conservation. This is crucial for UPSC aspirants, especially for GS Paper 3, as it highlights the need for stronger protection measures for critically endangered species. Last Updated: 2025-11-13

Key Facts About Conservation of the Great Indian Bustard and Lesser Florican

• Intergenerational equity emphasizes conservation for future generations.
• Recognized in international agreements like UNFCCC and Convention on Biological Diversity.
• The Supreme Court views this principle as anthropocentric.
• Limited protection for endangered species like the Great Indian Bustard and Lesser Florican.
• The Great Indian Bustard is critically endangered, vulnerable to power line collisions.
• Found mainly in Rajasthan, with small populations in Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.
• Indicators of grassland ecosystem health.
• Threats include habitat loss and predation.
• The Lesser Florican is the smallest in the bustard family, also critically endangered.
• Breeds in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.
• The Supreme Court recommends an eco-centric approach for biodiversity conservation.
• Calls for science-based conservation actions for endangered species.
• Article 21 guarantees dignity and fair treatment to animals.
• Stresses the need for consistent interpretation of wildlife laws.
• Conservation is a constitutional and ecological responsibility.
• The Supreme Court emphasizes a shift from anthropocentric to eco-centric philosophies.

India's Biodiversity Conservation Challenge

The conservation of the Great Indian Bustard and Lesser Florican is a microcosm of India's broader biodiversity challenges. These species are indicators of grassland ecosystem health, which is crucial for maintaining ecological balance. India's commitment to international biodiversity agreements highlights its strategic goal of preserving natural heritage. However, the country faces challenges like habitat loss and inadequate legal protection, necessitating a shift towards eco-centric conservation strategies.

Related Government Schemes/Policies

• National Wildlife Action Plan: Focuses on the conservation of endangered species and their habitats.
• Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats: Provides financial and technical assistance for the conservation of wildlife habitats.
• Project Bustard: Aims to protect and conserve the Great Indian Bustard and its habitat.

UPSC Relevance

• GS Paper 1: Geography - Flora and fauna, biodiversity.
• GS Paper 2: Governance - Environmental policies and international agreements.
• GS Paper 3: Environment - Conservation, environmental impact assessment.
• Prelims: Questions on endangered species, conservation principles, and related government initiatives.
• Mains: Analytical themes on biodiversity conservation, eco-centric vs. anthropocentric approaches.
• Essay Paper: Topics on environmental ethics and intergenerational equity.

FAQ Section

• What is the Great Indian Bustard?

  The Great Indian Bustard is a critically endangered bird species found mainly in Rajasthan, with small populations in Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh. It is vulnerable to power line collisions and habitat loss.

• Why is the conservation of the Lesser Florican important?

  The Lesser Florican is the smallest member of the bustard family and is critically endangered. It serves as an indicator of grassland ecosystem health, and its conservation is vital for maintaining ecological balance.

• What are the key features of the Supreme Court's recommendations?

  The Supreme Court recommends an eco-centric approach to biodiversity conservation, emphasizing science-based actions and consistent interpretation of wildlife laws to protect endangered species like the Great Indian Bustard and Lesser Florican.