Results of Comprehensive Modular Survey: Education, 2025

Results of the Comprehensive Modular Survey: Education, 2025 reveal critical insights into household expenditure on school education across India, emphasizing the need for reforms to enhance inclusivity and governance. This matters for UPSC aspirants as it relates to GS Paper 2, focusing on governance and social justice. Last Updated: 2025-08-29

Key Facts About Results of Comprehensive Modular Survey: Education, 2025

• Survey conducted: April – June, 2025 by the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation.
• Households surveyed: 52,085 households and 57,742 students.
• Government schools: Account for 55.9% of total enrolments.
• Rural enrolment: 66% of students enrolled in rural areas.
• Average expenditure: ₹2,863 in government schools vs ₹25,002 in non-government schools.
• Highest spending: Course fees at ₹7,111.
• Urban households: Spend more on education compared to rural households.
• Private coaching: Taken by 27% of students, more common in urban areas.
• Average coaching cost: ₹3,988 in urban vs ₹1,793 in rural areas.
• Funding source: 95% from household members, 1.2% from government scholarships.
• Challenges: Lack of basic amenities in rural schools.
• Teacher shortage: Over 4,500 secondary teachers unqualified.
• Language barriers: Hinder access to quality education.
• Gender disparities: High dropout rates among girls.
• Conclusion: Focused reforms needed for inclusivity and governance.

India's Educational Challenges and Opportunities

The survey underscores the macro-level significance of educational reforms in achieving India's strategic goals of inclusivity and quality education. The findings highlight disparities in educational expenditure and access, which are critical for India's social and economic development. With a focus on improving governance and infrastructure, India aims to enhance its global educational rankings and meet international standards.

Related Government Schemes/Policies

• Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan: Aims to provide holistic education from pre-school to class 12.
• Mid-Day Meal Scheme: Provides nutritious meals to school children to improve enrolment and retention.
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao: Promotes education and empowerment of girls.

UPSC Relevance

• GS Paper 2: Governance, Social Justice, and International relations - Education policies and reforms.
• Prelims Angle: Questions on survey findings, government schemes, and educational statistics.
• Mains Angle: Analytical themes on educational disparities, governance reforms, and gender issues.
• Essay Paper: Topics on education as a tool for social justice and economic development.

FAQ Section

• What is the Comprehensive Modular Survey: Education, 2025?
  The survey, conducted by the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, provides insights into household expenditure on education and enrolment patterns across India, highlighting key challenges and areas for reform.
• Why is the survey important?
  It reveals critical disparities in educational spending and access, emphasizing the need for targeted reforms to enhance inclusivity and governance, which are vital for India's socio-economic progress.
• What are the key features of the survey?
  The survey covered 52,085 households, highlighted the dominance of government school enrolments at 55.9%, and revealed significant differences in educational spending between urban and rural areas.