Seagrass Conservation Key to Global Biodiversity and Climate Targets

Seagrass meadows are critical ecosystems that play a significant role in biodiversity and carbon sequestration. Their rapid decline due to human activities has prompted a call to protect 30% by 2030. This is crucial for UPSC aspirants, especially for GS Paper 3, which covers environmental conservation. Last Updated: 2025-03-13

Key Facts About Seagrass Conservation

• Seagrass meadows are crucial for biodiversity and carbon sequestration.
• Decline at a rate of 1-2% per year, with 5% of species endangered.
• Urgent need to protect 30% of seagrass by 2030.
• Seagrasses sequester 11% of oceanic organic carbon.
• Absorb 83 million tonnes of atmospheric carbon annually.
• Support endangered species like dugongs and green turtles.
• Contribute to 20% of global fishery landings.
• Improve water clarity and stabilize coastlines.
• India has 516.59 km² of seagrass meadows.
• Sequester 434.9 tonnes of CO₂ per km² annually.
• Threats include pollution, coastal development, climate change, and weak enforcement.
• India restored 14 acres of seagrass with 85-90% success rate.
• Global efforts include 23.9% of seagrass in marine protected areas.
• Policy integration and expansion of MPAs are essential.
• Collaboration is needed for global seagrass health assessment.
• Protecting seagrass is vital for ocean health and coastal communities.

Seagrass Conservation: A Global Priority

Seagrass meadows are integral to achieving global biodiversity and climate targets. They contribute significantly to carbon sequestration, storing 11% of the ocean's organic carbon. Their conservation is aligned with India's strategic goals of enhancing coastal resilience and supporting marine biodiversity. Globally, seagrass conservation is crucial for maintaining marine biodiversity and supporting sustainable fisheries, contributing to 20% of global fishery landings.

Related Government Schemes/Policies

• National Coastal Mission: Focuses on the conservation and sustainable management of coastal and marine ecosystems.
• Blue Economy Policy: Aims to promote sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth and improved livelihoods.

UPSC Relevance

• GS Paper 1: Geography - Physical Geography, including the role of ecosystems.
• GS Paper 2: International Relations - Global environmental policies and agreements.
• GS Paper 3: Environment - Conservation, environmental pollution, and degradation.
• Prelims Angle: Questions on seagrass locations, species supported, and carbon sequestration capabilities.
• Mains Angle: Essays on environmental conservation strategies and the role of ecosystems in climate change mitigation.

FAQ Section

• What is seagrass?
  Seagrass is a flowering plant found in marine environments, playing a critical role in carbon sequestration and supporting marine biodiversity.
• Why is seagrass important?
  Seagrass meadows sequester 11% of oceanic organic carbon and support diverse marine life, contributing to 20% of global fishery landings.
• What are the key features of seagrass conservation?
  Key features include protecting 30% of seagrass by 2030, enhancing marine protected areas, and integrating policies for sustainable management.