Nilgiri Tahr Census Highlights Population in Kerala and Tamil Nadu

The recent Nilgiri Tahr census in Kerala and Tamil Nadu has revealed a total population of 2,668 Nilgiri Tahrs, with 1,365 in Kerala and 1,303 in Tamil Nadu. This matters for UPSC aspirants as it relates to environmental conservation, a key topic in GS Paper 3. Last Updated: 2025-08-06

Key Facts About Nilgiri Tahr Census

• Joint census recorded 2,668 Nilgiri Tahrs in total.
• 1,365 in Kerala and 1,303 in Tamil Nadu.
• Nilgiri Tahr is scientifically known as Nilgiritragus hylocrius.
• Also called Varayaadu or Nilgiri Ibex.
• Endemic to the Western Ghats.
• State animal of Tamil Nadu.
• Inhabits montane grasslands and shola forests.
• Thrives at elevations between 1,200 to 2,600 meters.
• Largest population found in Eravikulam National Park.
• Average lifespan is 3 to 3.5 years, can live up to 9 years.
• Threats include habitat loss, competition with livestock, poaching, and local extinction.
• Key prey species for tigers and leopards.
• Coexists with endemic species like Nilgiri langur.
• Considered an important indicator of montane grassland health.
• Conservation status: IUCN Status: Endangered.
• Protected under Wildlife Protection Act (WPA), 1972.

Significance of Nilgiri Tahr Conservation

The conservation of the Nilgiri Tahr is crucial for maintaining the ecological balance of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site. This region is vital for India's biodiversity and plays a significant role in the country's ecological and environmental strategies. The Western Ghats contribute to the monsoon patterns and house numerous endemic species, making their preservation a national priority.

Related Government Schemes/Policies

• Project Elephant: Focuses on the conservation of elephants and their habitats, which overlap with Nilgiri Tahr ranges.
• Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats: Aims to protect and improve the habitats of endangered species, including the Nilgiri Tahr.

UPSC Relevance

• GS Paper 3: Environment and Ecology - Conservation, environmental pollution, and degradation.
• Prelims: Questions on the habitat, conservation status, and threats to Nilgiri Tahr.
• Mains: Analytical themes on biodiversity conservation, the role of protected areas, and the impact of human activities on wildlife.
• Essay Paper: Topics on environmental conservation and sustainable development.

FAQ Section

• What is the Nilgiri Tahr? The Nilgiri Tahr is a mountain ungulate endemic to the Western Ghats of India, known scientifically as Nilgiritragus hylocrius.
• Why is the Nilgiri Tahr important? It is an indicator species for the health of montane grasslands and plays a role in the ecological balance of its habitat.
• What are the key features of the Nilgiri Tahr? The Nilgiri Tahr is adapted to high altitudes, inhabits grasslands and shola forests, and is classified as endangered by the IUCN.