Centre panel gives nod to assess impact of rock phosphate mine on bustard habitat
Key Points
The Centre panel has approved an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study to evaluate the effects of a proposed phosphate mine on the habitat of the Great Indian Bustard (GIB), an endangered species. This decision is crucial for UPSC aspirants, particularly for GS Paper 3, which covers environmental conservation and biodiversity. Last Updated: 2025-09-10
Key Facts About the Great Indian Bustard and Phosphate Mining
- The Great Indian Bustard (GIB) is one of the heaviest flying birds, primarily found in Rajasthan.
- It is critically endangered and protected under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
- Habitat loss due to mining and industrial activities is a major threat to GIB.
- Power line collisions lead to the death of approximately 18 GIBs annually.
- As of 2024, only 140 GIBs remain in the wild.
- The National Bustard Recovery Plan was initiated to conserve GIB and Lesser Florican.
- Phosphate rock is primarily used for agricultural fertilizers.
- India imports around 90% of its phosphate rock needs.
Impact of Phosphate Mining on India's Environmental Goals
The proposed phosphate mining project has significant implications for India's environmental conservation efforts, particularly in protecting endangered species like the Great Indian Bustard. India's commitment to biodiversity aligns with its broader strategic goals of sustainable development and ecological balance. The country's reliance on phosphate imports, with major reserves located in Morocco, North America, and Kazakhstan, underscores the need for domestic resource management while balancing ecological concerns.
Related Government Schemes/Policies
- National Bustard Recovery Plan: Aims to conserve the Great Indian Bustard and Lesser Florican.
- NATIONAL CAMPA: Provides funding for conservation efforts.
UPSC Relevance
- GS Paper 1: Geography - Biodiversity and Conservation.
- GS Paper 2: Governance - Environmental Policies and Interventions.
- GS Paper 3: Environment - Conservation, Environmental Impact Assessment.
- Prelims: Questions on the Great Indian Bustard, Wildlife Protection Act, and phosphate mining.
- Mains: Analytical themes on balancing industrial development with environmental conservation.
FAQ Section
- What is the Great Indian Bustard?
The Great Indian Bustard is one of the heaviest flying birds, found primarily in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. It is critically endangered due to habitat loss and other threats.
- Why is the Great Indian Bustard important?
The Great Indian Bustard is a keystone species, meaning its conservation is crucial for maintaining the ecological balance in its habitat. As of 2024, only about 140 individuals remain in the wild.
- What are the key features of phosphate mining?
Phosphate mining involves extracting phosphate rock, primarily used for agricultural fertilizers. India imports around 90% of its phosphate needs, highlighting the importance of domestic resource management.
Detailed Coverage
- Great Indian Bustard (GIB) is one of the heaviest flying birds, primarily found in Rajasthan.
- It is critically endangered and protected under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
- Habitat loss due to mining and industrial activities is a major threat to GIB.
- Power line collisions lead to the death of approximately 18 GIBs annually.
- GIBs face risks from pesticide exposure and hunting.
- The National Bustard Recovery Plan was initiated to conserve GIB and Lesser Florican.
- As of 2024, only 140 GIBs remain in the wild.
- Phosphate rock is primarily used for agricultural fertilizers.
- It is formed from organic matter accumulation on the ocean floor.
- Major reserves are found in Morocco, North America, and Kazakhstan.
- India imports around 90% of its phosphate rock needs.
- The EAC's approval for an EIA study highlights the impact of mining on GIB habitat.
- Conservation efforts include breeding programs and raising awareness.
- Pollution and slow reproductive rates further threaten GIB populations.
- Conservation funding is provided by NATIONAL CAMPA.
- Phosphate rock is also used for animal supplements and various industrial chemicals.