AERB Grants License for New Nuclear Reactors in India

The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) has granted a five-year operational license for two new 700 MWe Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) at the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station in Gujarat. This development is crucial for UPSC aspirants, particularly for General Studies Paper 3, which covers Science & Technology. Last Updated: 2025-07-08

Key Facts About AERB's License for New Nuclear Reactors

• AERB grants license for new nuclear reactors in India.
• Two 700 MWe PHWRs at Kakrapar Atomic Power Station.
• License issued after 15 years of safety reviews.
• License valid for five years.
• Significant boost to NPCIL's plans for 10 additional PHWRs.
• NPCIL operates all nuclear plants in India, except PFBR variants.
• India currently operates 15 PHWRs of 220 MWe.
• Also operates 2 PHWRs of 540 MWe and 1 reactor of 700 MWe.
• PHWRs use heavy water as coolant and moderator.
• Utilizes natural or slightly enriched uranium as fuel.
• AERB established in 1983 under the Atomic Energy Act.
• Functions as an independent body under the Department of Atomic Energy.
• India’s nuclear power capacity is 8.18 GW as of 2024.
• Goals set at 22.48 GW by 2031-32.
• Aiming for 100 GW by 2047.
• This advancement signifies India's commitment to enhancing energy security.

India's Nuclear Energy Expansion

The licensing of new reactors at the Kakrapar Atomic Power Station is a significant step in India's broader strategy to increase its nuclear energy capacity. This aligns with India's economic and strategic goals to ensure energy security and reduce carbon emissions. As of 2024, India's nuclear power capacity stands at 8.18 GW, with ambitious targets of 22.48 GW by 2031-32 and 100 GW by 2047. This development positions India favorably in international comparisons of nuclear energy capabilities.

Related Government Schemes/Policies

• Atomic Energy Act: Provides the legal framework for nuclear energy development in India.
• Department of Atomic Energy: Oversees nuclear energy production and research in India.

UPSC Relevance

• GS Paper 3: Science & Technology - Developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
• Prelims Angle: Questions on the role of AERB, specifications of PHWRs, and India's nuclear energy capacity.
• Mains Angle: Analytical themes on energy security, nuclear energy policy, and technological advancements in energy.
• Essay Paper: Topics related to sustainable energy solutions and India's energy strategy.

FAQ Section

• What is AERB?
  AERB, or the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, is an independent body established in 1983 under the Atomic Energy Act to oversee nuclear safety in India.
• Why is the licensing of new reactors important?
  This licensing is crucial as it enhances India's nuclear energy capacity, aiming for 100 GW by 2047, thereby contributing to energy security and sustainability.
• What are the key features of PHWRs?
  PHWRs use heavy water as coolant and moderator, and utilize natural or slightly enriched uranium as fuel, making them efficient for India's energy needs.